Brune, H.; Ernst, H.; Grunwald, A.; Grünwald, W.; Hofmann, H.; Krug, H.; Janich, P.; Mayor, M.; Rathgeber, W.; Schmid, G.; Simon, U.; Vogel, V.; Wyrwa, D.

Nanotechnology.
Assessment and Perspectives

Berlin: Springer, ISBN 3-540-32819-X, 492 Seiten, 106,95 Euro
[Titelbild]   [Preface]   [Foreword]   [List of Authors]

Contents

Appraisal and Recommendations 1
Scientific and Technical Needs 1
Commercial Needs 3
Societal and Ethical Aspects 4
Education 5
Recommendations 5
1     Introduction and Summaries 9
  1.1     Introduction 11
  1.2 Summaries 11
  1.3 Zusammenfassungen 17
2 Nanotechnology and Philosophy of Science 25
  2.1 Icons of Nanotechnology 25
  2.2 The Approach 29
  2.3 The Nano Domain as a Product of Non-Linguistic and Linguistic Human Action 31
  2.3.1     What detines a Measurement? 32
  2.3.2 A Critique of the Empiricist Theory of Measurement 33
  2.3.3 What Defines Nano Size? 34
  2.4 Epistemology of Innovation and Progress 37
  2.4.1 Constructive Progress 37
  2.4.2 Empirical Progress 38
  2.4.3 The Principle of Methodical Order 39
  2.4.4 The Foundation of Nanotechnology 40
  2.4.5 Techniques, Technology, and Theory 41
  2.5 Discoveries, Inventions, and Applications: The Role of Purposes in Nanotechnology 43
  2.5.1 What Does it Mean to Apply Knowledge? 43
  2.5.2 Discovery versus Invention 44
  2.5.3 Acting Nano Scientists 46
  2.6 Nanotechnology - Technical Know-How or Basic Scientific Research? 49
  2.6.1 Technical or Natural? 49
  2.6.2 Top Down or Bottom Up? 50
  2.6.3 Historical Development versus Methodical Foundation 51
  2.6.4 Classes of Substances, Nano-Scale and Protochemistry 53
  2.6.5 Pictures or Artifacts Through Nano-Microscopy? 54
  2.7 Consequences 59
  2.7.1 Is Nanotechnology a "Paradigm Change"?
(An Epistemic Consequence) 		59
  2.7.2 Responsibility for Effects and Side Effects
(an Ethical Consequence) 		60
  2.7.3 Where do the Aims and Purposes Come From?
(A Political Consequence) 		61
  2.7.4 A Definition of Nanotechnology 62
3 Fields of Research and Technology 67
  3.1 Materials 69
  3.1.1 Metals 69
  3.1.2 Semiconductors 95
  3.1.3 Insulators 97
  3.1.4 Molecules / Assemblies / Biomolecules 99
  3.1.5 Hybrids / Composites 121
  3.1.6 Boundary Surfaces 137
  3.2 Information Storage 143
  3.2.1 Stimulus: Electric / Electronic 143
  3.2.2 Stimulus: Magnetic 176
  3.2.3 Stimulus: Optical 182
  3.2.4 Stimulus: Mechanic 193
  3.2.5 Stimulus: Thermal 196
  3.3 Biomedical Opportunities & Applications 197
  3.3.1 A: Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications 197
  3.3.2 B: Nanoanalytical Tools 216
  3.3.3 B & C: Nanotechnology and Systems Biology 230
  3.3.4 C: Bioinspired Engineering, Biomineralisation and Tissue Engineering 235
  3.3.5 D: Interaction of Nanoparticles with Biosystems 240
  3.4 Scaling Effects 261
4 Commercial Perspectives ofNanotechnology -
An AssessmentBased on Patent Data 		287
  4.1 Introductlon 287
  4.2 Patents as Indicators of Technological Developments 289
  4.3 Indicators and Tools for Systematic Patent Analyses 293
  4.3.1 Patenting Indicators 293
  4.3.2 Patent Portfolios 294
  4.4 Patent Analysis in the Field of Nanotechnology 299
  4.4.1 Patent Data Collection 299
  4.4.2 Results 301
  4.4.3 Bionanotechnology: Exploratory Patent Analysis in the Subfield Drug Delivery 317
  4.5 Summary of Important Results and Implications 319
5 Risk Assessment and Risk Management 329
  5.1 Introduction: Risks of New Technologies 329
  5.1.1 Risk Issues of New Technologies 330
  5.1.2 Risk Assessment and Risk Management - General Aspects 333
  5.1.3 Risk Management of Nanotechnology - Specific Aspects 336
  5.2 Risk Characterization in Nanotechnology 339
  5.2.1 Production and Use ofNanomaterials 341
  5.3 Risk Management 369
  5.3.1 The Debate on Regulation Issues in Nanosciences 369
  5.3.2 The Precautionary Principle 372
  5.3.3 Dealing responsibly with Uncertainty about Nanotechnology Risks 376
  5.4 Risk Communication 381
  5.4.1 Emergence of the Public Risk Debate on Nanotechnology 381
  5.4.2 Futuristic Visions in Public Debate 382
  5.5 Prospective Risk Assessment as Concomitant Process 395
6 Ethical Aspects of Nanotechnology 399
  6.1 The Relation between Science, Technology and Ethics 401
  6.2 Ethically Relevant Fields of Nanotechnology 405
  6.2.1 Nanoparticles - Chances versus Risks 406
  6.2.2 Equity 409
  6.2.3 Privacy and Control 411
  6.2.4 Medical Applications 413
  6.2.5 Crossing the Border between Technology and Life 415
  6.2.6 Improving Human Performance by Converging Technologies 417
  6.3 Are there Indicators for an Ethically Motivated Objection of Nanotechnology? 421
  6.4 Ethical Vision Assessment 423
  6.4.1 The Need for an Early Vision Assessment 424
  6.4.2 Characteristics of Futuristic Visions 425
  6.4.3 Vision Assessment with Respect to Ethical Issues 427
  6.4.4 Responsibly Handling Futuristic Visions 429
  6.5 Consequences and Conclusions 433
  6.5.1 Do We Need a New "Nano-Ethics"? 433
  6.5.2 Ethics as Concomitant Reflection of Nanotechnology 434
  6.5.3 Ethics for Nanotechnology - Outline for Further Activities 437
7 Knowledge Transfer in Nanotechnology 439
  7.1 Education at Academic LeveL 439
  7.2 Knowledge Transfer to Industry and Regulatory Authorities 445
  7.3 Knowledge Transfer to the Public(Science Goes Public) 447
  7.4 Conclusions 449
References 451

Created: 25.07.2006 - Comments to: webmaster