Gerhard Banse (ed.)

Technological and Environmental Policy
Studies in Eastern Europe

Berlin: edition sigma 2007, Reihe: Gesellschaft - Technik - Umwelt, Neue Folge 6, ISBN 978-3-89404-936-2, 312 Seiten, 19,90 Euro
[Titelbild]   [Editorial]

Contents

  Editorial 13
  Scientific Knowledge as Value of Modern Civilisation
Viatsheslav S. Stepin 		19
  1 Science as a Civilisation Phenomenon 19
  2 Principles of Science and their Structure 24
  3 From Classical to Post-Non-Classical Science 30
Part I Technology Assessment and Sustainability 41
  Philosophy of Technology as a Theory of Technology Assessment
The Problem of the Rational Analysis and Description of Technological Activity
Vitaly Gorokhov 		43
  1 The Role of the Principle of Activity in the Thinking about Technology 43
  2 Soviet Psychology about the Technological Activity 48
  3 Modern Technology as a Process of Technological Activity and as Object of this Activity (Technical System) 59
  Technology Assessment in Poland
Tradition, Current Initiatives and Experiences
Andrzej Kiepas 		75
  New Accents and Initiatives in Technology Assessment
Ladislav Tondl 		83
  1 Changes in the Concept of Technology Assessment 83
  2 Technology Assessment as a Permanent Guide to the Origin and Development of the World of Technology 87
  3 Designing and Evaluating Acceptable Options of Technology Solution 92
  4 Primary Decision-Making and Technology Assessment 94
  5 Target Orientation of Technology Solutions and their Evaluation 97
  Assessment of Technology and Economic Projects in a Global Ecology Perspective
Viktor Ivanovitsh Danilov-Danilian 		103
  1 Preliminary Remarks 103
  2 Setting up the Task 104
  3 On the Theoretical Basis of Global Ecology 106
  4 The Global Ecological Criterion (GEC) and its Application 108
  5 Some Methodological Notes about Environmental Expertise and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 112
  6 Environmental Expertise in the Soviet Union and Russia: Rise and Development 114
  7 The Law of the Russian Federation on Environmental Expertise 115
  8 Practical Activity of the Russian Environmental Expertise 118
  The Role of Technology Assessment for Sustainable Development
A Chance for the Future Strategies in Romania
Ildiko Tulbure 		121
  1 The Concept of Sustainable Development 121
  2 Operationalisation of Sustainable Development 122
  3 Technology Assessment and Sustainable Development 125
  4 Specific Conditions for Romania 127
  5 The Role of Technology Assessment in Romania – Past and Present 129
  6 Future Strategies for Sustainable Development in Romania 132
  7 Conclusions 139
  Sustainable Development as a Principle in Polish Environmental Policy
Andrzej Papuziñski 		143
  1 Terminological Notices 143
  2 The Beginnings of Modern Policy of Environmental Protection in Poland 145
  3 The Rule of Sustainable Development as a Legal Basis of Environmental Protection Policy in Present-day Poland 146
  4 Programmes for Environmental Protection 153
  5 Summary 158
  The Problems of Providing Information Security
The Case of Information Infrastructure
Oleg Siountiourenko 		161
  1 System and Technical Aspects of Information Security 161
  1.1 Data Protection Component-problem Classification 161
  1.2 The Level of Protected Information – Standardisation 164
  2 General Principles of Projecting Information Protection Systems 166
  3 Legal Aspects of Data Security 167
  3.1 The Structure of the Legal Aspects of Data Security 167
  3.2 Use of Information Technologies for the Solution of Legal Problems 171
  4 Trained Personnel in the Information Security 173
  5 Protection from Computer Viruses 174
  6 Providing Information Protection in Telecommunication Channels 175
  6.1 Security System on the Internet 175
  6.2 Specific Character of the Problem of Providing Information Security in Scientific and Education Telecommunications 177
  7 Conclusion 178
Part II Innovation and Economic Transformation 181
  Innovation Systems – A Conceptual Framework
Gerd Schienstock 		183
  1 Introduction 183
  2 Driving Factors of Change 184
  3 Innovation, Specialisation and Networking 186
  4 The Concept of Innovation 188
  5 From the Linear Innovation Model to a Non-linear Model of Innovation 189
  6 The System of Innovation Concept 191
  7 The Innovation System as Part of the Economic System 194
  8 Industrial, National and Regional Innovation Systems 195
  9 From Path Dependency to Path Creation 198
  10 The New Role of the State 200
  11 Conclusion 203
  Management of Innovation at Post-Soviet Enterprises
Veronika Kabalina 		209
  1 Introduction 209
  2 Traditional Model of Innovation in the Soviet Era and Shifts 213
  3 Understanding of Innovation 216
  3.1 Types of Innovation 216
  3.2 Objectives and Reasons of Innovation 218
  3.3 Price or Quality Competition? 220
  4 Sources of Financing of Innovation 222
  5 Innovation Process Management: People and Institutions 224
  6 Changes in Enterprise Organisational Structure and Relations between Divisions 232
  7 Forms of Co-operation among Firms and with Support Organisations 238
  8 Foreign Technology Transfer 245
  9 Conclusions 248
  Problems of Economic and Industrial Transformation in Russia
An Innovation System Perspective
Erkki Kaukonen, Joan Löfgren, Gerd Schienstock 		255
  1 Introduction 255
  2 The Soviet Heritage of Stagnated "Scientific and Technological Revolution" 257
  3 The Transformation of the Russian R&D System 261
  4 Peculiarities of the Russian Economic Environment 265
  5 Firm Restructuring from a Foreign Investor Perspective 267
  6 Conclusions 271
  Building the Polish Knowledge-Based Economy
Basic Dilemmas in the Time of Transition
Ewa Okoñ-Horodyñska 		275
  1 Introduction 275
  2 Institutional Approach in Preparing and Carrying Out the Governmental Innovation Policy 276
  3 The Institutional Structure and Innovativeness in Poland 278
  4 The Level of Innovativeness in Poland – Basic Indicators 280
  5 Insufficiency in Creating the Innovation Policy in Poland 286
  6 Creators of Innovation Policy in Poland 289
  7 The Lisbon Strategy (LS) – Challenge for Innovation Policy Assignment in Poland 290
  8 Potential Government Initiatives for Building Innovation Policy and KBE in Poland 294
  9 Programme Foresight as a Modern Way of Defining the Direction of Desired Investment and Undertakings in the R&D Sector 297
  10 Conclusions 298
  Environmental Impact Assessment by Large Industrial Projects
An Example from Volgograd
Svetlana V. Kosenkova, Tatiana S. Ananskikh 		303
  Authors 312

 

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