Gotthard Bechmann, Vitaly Gorokhov, Nico Stehr (Hrsg.)

The Social Integration of Science.
Institutional and Epistemological Aspects of the Transformation of Knowledge in Modern Society.

Berlin: edition sigma 2009, Reihe: Gesellschaft – Technik – Umwelt, Neue Folge 12, ISBN 978-3-89404-942-3, 311 S., engl. Broschur, Euro 24.90
[Introduction]


CONTENTS

Introduction
Gotthard Bechmann, Vitaly Gorokhov, Nico Stehr
9
1.   Knowledge and information society 10
2.   Changing knowledge production in science 11
3.   Knowledge politics 13
4.   Decision-oriented science 14
5.   Knowledge and information 16
6.   Communication and knowledge 19
7.   Knowledge is self-multiplying 20
8.   Knowledge as a capacity to act 21
9.   The sociology of knowledge and science 22
10.   About this volume 24
 

I     Science Production in the Knowledge Society

Scientific Knowledge and Values of Technogenic Civilisation
Vyacheslav Stepin
35
1.   Science as a civilisation phenomenon 35
2.   Principles of science and their structure 40
3.   From classical to post-non-classical science 47
Institutional Interfaces of the Science System and the Economic System
Thomas Heinze
67
Introduction 67
1.   The concept of "structural coupling" 69
2.   Indicators for science-based technologies 70
3.   Organisations and functional systems 73
4.   Interorganisational networks 76
4.   Conclusion 79
Path Dependency and Path Creation – Some Theoretical Reflections
Gerd Schienstock
85
Introduction 85
1.   Technical regimes and path dependency 86
2.   Evolving new paths and path creation 88
3.   Path change out of path dependency 89
4.   The communities of practice concept and the niche concept 90
5.   New technological paradigms and path creation 95
6.   Conclusion 95
Climate Research between Knowledge and Organisation – Problems of Transdisciplinary Science
Gotthard Bechmann
101
Introduction 101
1.   The changing organisation of research 103
2.   The political function of research 106
3.   Problem- and programme-oriented research 109
4.   Scientific advice and political decision 112
5.   Climate research as an example of transdisciplinary science 114
6.   Summary 117
 

II     The Governance of Science

The Social and Political Surveillance of Knowledge in Modern Societies
Nico Stehr
123
1.   Science policy and knowledge politics 127
2.   Knowledge politics explained 130
3.   On the origins of modern knowledge politics 132
4.   The governance of knowledge 138
5.   Concluding observations 141
Vision Assessment Supporting the Governance of Knowledge – the Case of Futuristic Nanotechnology
Armin Grunwald
147
Introduction and overview 147
1.   Futuristic visions in nanoscience and nanotechnology 149
      1.1   Visions accompanying the career of nanotechnology 149
      1.2   Visions, Leitbilder, and science fiction 151
      1.3   Characteristics of futuristic visions 153
2.   The case of human enhancement and the need for orientation 154
      2.1   Converging technologies for improving human performance 154
      2.2   Occasions of choice and need for orientation 156
3.   The orientation dilemma related to using future knowledge 157
      3.1   Functions of visionary future communication 158
      3.2   The ambivalence of futuristic visions 159
      3.3   The orientation dilemma 162
4.   Vision assessment and the governance of knowledge 162
      4.1   The need for vision assessment 164
      4.2   Vision assessment – an outline 165
5.   Conclusions 168
In the Absence of Knowledge Politics - Neuropsychiatry and the Drug Industry
Thomas Brante
171
1.   Science as classification and explanation 172
2.   Classification of mental disorders: the DSM 173
3.   Explanation of mental disorders: neuropsychiatry 180
4.   Conclusion: the troublesome tension between classification and explanation 186
Regulatory Borders – Knowledge Politics and Reproductive Science
Jacquelyne Luce
201
1.   Regulatory borders 201
2.   Assisted conception and governance 202
3.   Images of donor insemination 205
4.   Regulating access – donor semen and/or insemination services 206
5.   1980-1999: Cross-border reproductive relations 208
6.   1980-1999: Regulatory effects 216
7.   1980-1999: Policy implications 219
8.   1980-1999: Reflections: Assisted Human Reproduction Act 2004 222
 

III     Organisation of Problem-oriented Research: Case Studies

Sustainable Development – Methodological Aspects
Victor Danilov-Danil'yan
229
1.   The content of the concept of sustainable development – sustainability and survival 229
2.   Aspects of sustainable development 231
3.   Sustainability of the biota and sustainability of civilisation 234
4.   Sustainability mechanisms in civilisation 236
5.   Optimality or sustainability? 237
6.   Towards a definition of sustainable development 239
7.   The environmental aspect of stability 240
      7.1   Socio-medical aspect of stability 242
      7.2   The humanitarian aspect of stability 244
      7.3   Interrelationship of the three aspects of stability 245
      7.4   Anticipating the consequences of the use of technology is more important than the technology itself 247
      7.5   The ordinary consciousness and the problem of sustainability 248
      7.6   The role of science, education and moral training in the transition to sustainable development 251
The Natural and the Artificial from Galileo to Nanotechnology
Vitaly Gorokhov
255
1.   Galileo's new science and technological development 256
2.   From a geometric scheme to physical processes and from the latter to a design diagram 263
3.   The natural and the artificial 268
4.   Conclusion 281
Problem-oriented Research and the Disciplinary Dynamics of Science - the Case of Atmospheric Chemistry
Jost Halfmann, Falk Schützenmeister
289
Introduction 289
1.   Air pollution and the rise of atmospheric chemistry 291
2.   Chemistry of the global atmosphere – ozone hole and climate change 301
3.   Conclusion 303
Authors 307

 

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